“You are as oppressed as we are,” Hampton told them, “ ‘cause you aren’t even together.”. [32] Stephen King refers to Hampton in the novel 11/22/63 (2012), where a character discusses the ripple effect of traveling back in time to prevent President John F. Kennedy's assassination, which the character postulates would give rise to a series of events that could prevent Fred Hampton's assassination as well. In 1969, the FBI Special Agent in Charge (SAC) in San Francisco wrote Hoover that the agent's investigation had found that, in his city at least, the Panthers were primarily feeding breakfast to children. Charles, on a platform with Henry Winston, Chairman of the Communist Party, three days after Hampton’s assassination said, “The Black Panther Party has more respect for the Communist and Workers’ Parties of the world than any other except our own.”, In November 1968, Fred Hampton, Bobby Rush, and about ten others formed the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party. He was the chairman of the Illinois chapter of the BBP and the deputy chairman of the national BPP. The school administrators turned a deaf ear to proposed solutions and brought in the police. He is mainly known for the way he died in 1969, aged 21. “Even when he thought it was a waste of time, he always had time to meet with people,” Mrs. Elbert observed. Fred Hampton, the founder of the multicultural organization known as the Rainbow Coalition, died from bullet wounds to the head on December 4, 1969. Perhaps his most important was his brokering of a nonaggression pact among Chicago's most powerful street gangs. Investigative reporters began to get suspicious and it emerged there was a police video that had been hidden for two years. Hampton was a well-liked and charismatic leader at the age of only twenty-one. So the prosecutor quickly indicted him because it came to light that she and then mayor Rahm Emanuel knew about this video, had seen it, but had kept it hidden. [66] Twenty-eight defendants were named, including Assistant DA Hanrahan as well as the City of Chicago, Cook County, and federal governments. On one such occasion, the young leader was to address a group of Lutherans, many from the conservative Missouri Synod, at the St. James Lutheran Church in Western Springs, an all-white suburb far south of Maywood. He talked about serving the community, talked about breakfast programs, educating the people, community control of police. In the book’s introduction, Haas writes, “The need to protest, expose, and hold accountable those in power who violate our laws and personal liberties continues and remains a fundamental struggle of our society and any society.”, Haas, along with fellow attorney Flint Taylor and a team from the People’s Law Office, helped tie the Chicago murders to the FBI’s secret COINTELPRO project, in which director J. Edgar Hoover sought to “destroy, discredit, disrupt the activities of the Black Panther Party by any means necessary and prevent the rise of a Black Messiah.”. Q: Why, of all of the cases you have been involved in, did you decide to write a book on the assassination of Fred Hampton? The original is over 21 minutes long and was rejected. Hampton was also instrumental in the BPP's Free Breakfast Program. The Left is Positioned to Win More Under Biden Than Any President in Decades, The Short Story of Fred Hampton, Assassinated Black Panther Leader - Ted Pearson. Hampton was wounded in the shoulder by the shooting. In 1968 and 1969, he’d met with the Blackstone Rangers and the Black Gangster Disciples, two armed street gangs that had control of big areas of Chicago. Nevertheless, it’s important that victims of civil rights abuses have a forum, and that they collect compensatory damages for what they suffered. . The resolution read in part: "Fred Hampton, who was only 21 years old, made his mark in Chicago history not so much by his death as by the heroic efforts of his life and by his goals of empowering the most oppressed sector of Chicago's Black community, bringing people into political life through participation in their own freedom fighting organization. Winters was one of his comrades who fell in battle with the fascist-minded police only weeks before Hampton’s own death. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. His mother has also worked at that refinery on an assembly line for 14 years…. Edward V. Hanrahan, who was indicted but cleared with 13 other law-enforcement agents on charges of obstructing justice. But mostly he will be remembered as a man of deeds—deeds performed for his people every moment of his short life…. Hampton did all this while fighting for the regularity and expansion of the free breakfast program and for the new free people’s health center, dedicated this past Christmas Day (1969) to Jake Winters. The footage was later released as part of the 1971 documentary The Murder of Fred Hampton. At 4:45 a.m., they stormed into the apartment. O'Neal personally instigated an armed clash between them on April 2, 1969. But no one ever did a day of time, even though we proved the conspiracy—no indictments, after all that. Constantly, he stressed the need to bring new cadres forward as they built, for he often expressed the thought that his own life was in danger…. Emphasizing that racial and ethnic conflict among gangs would only keep its members entrenched in poverty, Hampton strove to forge a class-conscious, multiracial alliance among the BPP, the Young Patriots Organization, and the Young Lords under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez, leading to the Rainbow Coalition. But Elbert’s swift action in calling in Sheriff Joe Woods’ stormtroopers led to the first in a series of violent uprisings in Maywood. Sine then, thousands have visited the apartment where the two youths were gunned down in their sleep. He had brought together a coalition of Puerto Ricans, Appalachians, and left people in Chicago to demand new things, including an end to police brutality and mass incarceration, community control of police, free breakfast programs, health clinics, and so forth. [9] Hampton graduated from Proviso East High School with honors and varsity letters and a Junior Achievement Award in 1966[10] and enrolled at Triton Junior College in nearby River Grove, Illinois, where he majored in pre-law. On the morning of December 12, after the Chicago Tribune article had appeared with the Hanrahan-supplied photos, Challem contacted a reporter at the Chicago Sun-Times, showed him his own photographs, and encouraged the other reporter to visit the apartment. Either way, Clark's gun discharged once into the ceiling. When Bob Brown left the Party with Kwame Ture, in the FBI-fomented SNCC/Panther split, Hampton assumed chairmanship of the Illinois state BPP. As a youth, Hampton was gifted both in the classroom and athletically, and he hoped to play center field for the New York Yankees. The article below explores the life, political activism, and other accomplishments of Fred Hampton. The next seven minutes of gunfire became one of the most hotly disputed incidents of the turbulent 1960s. I used Fred Hampton's own words, as well as my own, to paint the picture of Fred’s life. [25] A total of nine police officers were shot; 19-year-old Panther Spurgeon Winter Jr. was killed by police, and another Panther, Lawrence S. Bell, was charged with murder. The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther, by Jeffrey Haas, tells the story of the 13 year legal battle that eventually uncovered a conspiracy between the FBI, the Illinois State's Attorney's office, and the police, to kill Fred Hampton and destroy the Black Panther Party. [90], This article is about the 1960s activist. The Rev. Through his involvement with the NAACP, Hampton hoped to achieve social change through community organizing and nonviolent activism.[11]. [49], In 1990, the Chicago City Council unanimously passed a resolution, introduced by then-Alderman Madeline Haithcock, commemorating December 4, 2004, as "Fred Hampton Day in Chicago". [citation needed]. Not even the Maywood police, but the Cook Country police, under the command of the notorious racist Sheriff Joe Woods, whose plan for arming a vigilante “posse” to deal with “riots” brought him national attention in 1969. During the trial, the Chicago Police Department claimed that the Panthers were the first to fire shots. At the age of 20 years old Hampton rose to become the Deputy Chairman of the Illinois branch of the Black Panthers. Last week he ran onto the Eisenhower Expressway and killed himself)", "For More Selected for Jury to Probe Panther Raid Deaths", "Panther Inquest Jury Selections Questioned", "Illinois jury rules Black Panther deaths 'justifiable homicide, "Fatal Black Panther raid in Chicago set off sizable aftershocks", "US Jury Assails Police in Chicago on Pather Raid", "Plaintiffs in Panther Suite 'Knew We Were Right, "Panther Slayings Split the City Into 'Name Calling' Factions", "The Black Panther Raid and the death of Fred Hampton", "Village of Maywood Parks and Recreation", "Group Wants Street Named After Black Panther Fred Hampton-Protesters filled City Hall Today – Susan Murphy-Milano", "Maywood street statue honor slain Panther leader Hampton", "Ex-Weather Underground Member Kathy Boudin Granted Parole", Weather Underground Declaration of a State of War, "The Death of a Black Panther – The Fred Hampton Story, 1969–70", "Author Says The Chicago 7 Trial Reflected 'All The Conflicts In America, "Who's Who in The Trial of the Chicago 7: A Character Guide", "Judas and the Black Messiah' to Premiere at Sundance Film Festival", The Marxists Internet Archive: Fred Hampton Archive, "Power Anywhere Where There's People" A Speech By Fred Hampton, Death of a Black Panther: The Fred Hampton Story, Grand Valley State University Oral History Collection, Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hampton&oldid=1005719070, Assassinated American civil rights activists, Black people shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 02:55. Fred’s mother Iberia told me, “They got away with murder,” and I couldn’t deny that. He continued the fight for full equality in Maywood, but now following the ideological orientation of Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown, who evidently recognized the unusual potential of this brilliant young man. We’ve got to face the fact that some people say you fight fire best with fire, but we say you put fire out best with water. He would have achieved this position had he not been killed on December 4, 1969. David Alan Grier plays Hampton. The Bureau released a batch of racist cartoons in the Panthers' name,[21] aimed at alienating white activists. It said that the refusal of the surviving Black Panthers to cooperate hampered the investigation, and that the press "improperly and grossly exaggerated stories". Q: Fred Hampton was not a well-known national leader. Already at that time, his brother Bill could say, “He was a leader to whites as much as to the blacks at the school.” On one occasion, friends recall, Fred met with a group of long-haired, leather-jacketed white toughs who had been mainly involved in the troubles. He was shot to death in his sleep along with fellow Black Panther Mark Clark on … Haas: When Laquan’s body was prepared for his funeral, the mortician alerted people that he’d been shot sixteen times in the back and the side, indicating he may have been fleeing the police, not attacking the police. [59], An official with the Chicago Urban League said: "I would have had more confidence in the jury if one of them had been a black man who has a rapport with the young and the grass roots in the community. He was an amazing charismatic young man, with a tremendous energy and vibrancy who said many unforgettable things that are inspiring to this day. In repeated directives, Hoover demanded that COINTELPRO personnel investigate the Rainbow Coalition, "destroy what the [BPP] stands for", and "eradicate its 'serve the people' programs".[22]. Given revelations about the illegal COINTELPRO program and documents associated with the killings, many scholars now consider Hampton's death an assassination under the FBI's initiative. He took numerous photographs of the crime scenes. At age 21, Hampton was fatally shot alongside a fellow activist during a law enforcement raid. Hampton, drugged by barbiturates, was sleeping on a mattress in the bedroom with his fiancée, Deborah Johnson, who was nine months pregnant with their child. In 1982, a civil rights suit brought by the families of the two slain men was settled for $1.85 million, with the money coming city, county, and federal authorities. [18], The FBI opened a file on Hampton in 1967. O'Neal had slipped the barbiturate sleep agent secobarbitol into a drink that Hampton consumed during the dinner, in order to sedate Hampton so he would not awaken during the subsequent raid. The program was promptly shuttered a few years after this incident, though its methods continue today within the organization. Fred Hampton was a member of the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Chicago, Illinois. [66] Reinstating the case against 24 of the defendants, the Court of Appeals ordered a new trial. Joan Elbert, a white middle-class Maywood leader in the Lutheran Church, tells how police would follow young Hampton, parking outside any place where he was to speak. Tens of thousands have learned that protest and marches don't do it. Fred Hampton was an American civil-rights activist, best remembered for his association with the Chicago chapter of the 'National Association for the Advancement of Colored People'and the 'Black Panther Party'. He committed suicide on January 25, 1990. His murder, along with that of fellow Panther Mark Clark, sent waves of shock and outrage through their community. Almost immediately, they began, under Hampton’s leadership, to build the free breakfast program for children and to fight for unity between black and white youth organizations. That’s really an open question, I think. FBI document, May 27, 1969, "Director FBI to SAC San Francisco", available at the FBI reading room. Exactly 48 years ago, Black Panthers Fred Hampton, 21, and Mark Clark, 22, were shot to death by Chicago police. [59] The jury eventually included a third black man, who had been a member of the first coroner's jury sworn in on December 4. NEWS REPORT: Presents the accounts of police officers who made raid, Fred Hampton's wife Debora, who was in the bed with Hampton when he was slain, and Illinois State Attorney General Edward V. Hanrahan of what occurred at the raid of Black Panther Party Chairman Fred Hampton's apartment, Chicago, Ill., on December fourth, 1969. [66] The Supreme Court of the United States heard an appeal by defendants, but voted 5–3 in 1980 to return the case to the District Court for a new trial. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried. Fellow Black Panther Harold Bell said that he heard the following exchange: The injured Panthers said they heard two shots. Hampton had quickly risen in the Black Panther Party, and his talent as a political organizer was described as remarkable. The two militant youths had long and heated arguments concerning the nature of the struggle, with Brother Lenny insisting the struggle was a class struggle, and Hampton expressing all the disillusionment he had experienced in the recent months with liberal and working class whites. The short political biography appeared just weeks after the assassination of Fred Hampton, a leader of the Black Panther Party. [58] On December 23, Toman announced four additions to the jury, who included two African-American men: physician Theodore K. Lawless and attorney Julian B. Wilkins, the son of J. Ernest Wilkins, Sr.[58] He said the four were selected from a group of candidates submitted to his office by groups and individuals representing both Chicago's black and white communities. The film stars Daniel Kaluuya as Hampton and was produced and directed by Shaka King, from a screenplay by King and Will Berson, and a story by King, Berson, and Kenny and Keith Lucas. According to Hampton's supporters, the shots were fired point blank at Hampton's head. Fred Hampton attended school across the street from his family home in Maywood…. [66] After jurors deadlocked on a verdict, Perry dismissed the suit against the remaining defendants . Fredrick Allen Hampton (August 30, 1948 – December 4, 1969) was an African-American activist and revolutionary socialist. They usually refer to data extracted from death indexes and death certificates, therefore they include personal details about the deceased (Name, Time of Death, Cause of Death, Place of Death). It includes no narration, relying solely on footage shot from within the Black Panther organization and portraying Hampton and his colleagues on their own terms. Once he became leader of the Chicago chapter, he organized weekly rallies, participated in strikes, worked closely with the BPP's local People's Clinic, taught political education classes every morning at 6am, and launched a project for community supervision of the police. In 1967, Hampton was identified by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a radical threat. Another document outlined a deal that the FBI brokered with US deputy attorney general Richard Kleindienst to conceal the FBI's role in the killing of Hampton and the existence of COINTELPRO. ", Eyes on the Prize episode 12, chronicles the leadership and extrajudicial killing of Fred Hampton. [56] The two families each shared in the settlement. The Life and deaTh of fred hampTon In June 1969, FBI agents ransacked the Black Panthers’ office. This is an excerpted version of an article that originally appeared in People’s World’s predecessor publication, Daily World, on January 17, 1970. Supposedly looking for illegal weapons, instead, they shot and killed two people, leaving four others wounded. It began keeping close tabs on his activities. We’re gonna fight racism with solidarity. On May 21, 1970, the group issued a "Declaration of War" against the United States government, and used for the first time its new name, the "Weather Underground Organization". Now we’re in a counter-revolution, yet we see that people are arising everywhere. Hampton joined the Party and relocated to downtown Chicago. They were arrested on charges of aggravated assault and the attempted murder of the officers. In spite of some harsh clashes with Communist leaders, the direction of his changing approach is reflected in remarks of Eugene Charles, the Panthers’ Lieutenant of Information. Many had felt a growing anger as the extermination drive against the Panthers became more obvious, but it … Due to the pressure of the people who went to the police station, the courts and city hall over three years, the police chief was fired, the state’s attorney was defeated in a subsequent election and the mayor didn’t run again because it was clear that it would be the main campaign issue—why did he sit on this tape for so long? [35] Verlina Brewer, Ronald "Doc" Satchel, Blair Anderson, and Brenda Harris were seriously wounded,[35] then beaten and dragged into the street. Subsequent demonstrations swelled to many hundreds. Michael Newton is among those writers who have concluded that Hampton was assassinated. There they were met by O'Neal, who had prepared a late dinner, which the group ate around midnight. "[59] Gus Savage said that such a man to whom the community could relate need not be black. [37] This was the only shot fired by the Panthers.[14][38][39]. The Murder of Fred Hampton is a documentary shot from within the movement, and was released in 1971. Fredrick Hampton is a registered sex offender in Alabama who is being sought in the death investigation of Paighton Houston, whose body was found in … The pastor of the church pleaded with the police to leave, but they insisted they had been “tipped off” that Hampton was going to be there, and that he was a “dangerous man.” The “tip-off” came from the Chicago Police Department, who had never even met Hampton. [63] Attorneys for the Hampton and Clark families did not introduce any witnesses during the proceedings, but described the inquest as "a well-rehearsed theatrical performance designed to vindicate the police officers". [71], According to a 1969 Chicago Tribune report, "The raid ended the promising political career of Cook County State's Atty. . Haas: I feel it’s important for people to know who Fred Hampton is beyond the fact of his murder. Mark Clark, sitting in the front room of the apartment with a shotgun in his lap, was on security duty. A 27-minute documentary entitled Death of a Black Panther: The Fred Hampton Story[80] was used as evidence in the civil suit. 70-C-1384 Consolidated U.S. Attorney's Office, ca. Fred Hampton, chair of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, died of two gunshots to the head. That's it. [13][14] In 1968, he was on the verge of creating a merger between the BPP and a southside street gang with thousands of members, which would have doubled the size of the national BPP. They were supposedly looking for illegal weapons. The events of Hampton's rise to prominence, J. Edgar Hoover's targeting of him, and Hampton's subsequent death are also recounted with footage in the 2015 documentary The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution. For his son, see, We got to face some facts. In a gun battle lasting 20 minutes, Hampton was shot. Kids know the lines are drawn: revolution is touching all of our lives. In the 1999 TV mini-series The 60s, Fred Hampton appears serving free breakfast with the BPP. It was the first of many arrests, beatings, and frame-ups at the hands of police, invariable committed while Hampton was playing the role of unifier and peacemaker between working-class whites and blacks. Hampton personally went out to build relations with the “gangs” that had grown in the community. Along with other casualties, Fred Hampton was murdered that night. In late summer 1968, he formed a Maywood chapter of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. Iberian Hampton, et al Edward et al (U.S.D.C., N.D. Illinois), Civil Action No. Cause of death. More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million. However, the powers that be had other ideas. During the summer of 1967, Hampton sensed that the need for recreational facilities for Maywood’s black youth was a key to uniting the community. That the masses are poor, that the masses belong to what you call the lower class, and when I talk about the masses, I’m talking about the white masses, I’m talking about the black masses, and the brown masses, and the yellow masses, too. Fred Hampton's name is located at panel 136 in the Commemorative Area at the Australian War Memorial (as indicated by the poppy on the plan). It was this aspect of his practice and viewpoint, among others, that shocked the nation into an awareness of the genocidal significance of the assault upon the Black Panther Party. Hampton was quickly attracted to the Black Panthers' approach, which was based on a Ten-Point Program that integrated black self-determination with class and economic critique from Maoism. Hoover responded with a memo implying that the agent's career prospects depended on his supplying evidence to support Hoover's view that the BPP was "a violence-prone organization seeking to overthrow the Government by revolutionary means". [32], The raid was organized by the office of Cook County State's Attorney Edward Hanrahan, using officers attached to his office. Over the next year, Hampton and his friends and associates made a number of significant achievements in Chicago. "[70] This view is also presented in Jakobi Williams's book From the Bullet to the Ballot: The Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and Racial Coalition Politics in Chicago. At 2:30 AM the 40-year-old O'Neal ran out of his uncle's apartment, across the westbound lanes of the Eisenhower Expressway, and was struck by a car and killed. [16][17], Hampton rose quickly in the Black Panthers, based on his organizing skills, substantial oratorical gifts, and personal charisma. Q: In 1982, you won a $1.85 million settlement for the Hampton and Clark families and the raid survivors. [64][65] The grand jury said that the police department's raid was "ill conceived" and that there were many errors committed during the post-raid investigation and reconstruction of the events. [84], The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020) features Kelvin Harrison Jr. as Hampton, in which he advises Bobby Seale as he was denied counsel, with the Chicago Seven. 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